conjugate acid of calcium hydroxide

2 calcium hydroxide Sr(OH) 2 strontium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 barium hydroxide 6. The reaction, \[CaCO_3(s)+2HCl(aq)CaCl_2(aq)+H_2O(l)+CO_2(g)\]. Table 16.4.1 lists several strong acids. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Start your trial now! If a species is classified as a strong acid, its conjugate base will be weak. h2so4 As Ca(OH)2 molecule, when dissolved in water produce almost all OH ions that ultimately make it strong alkali. Figure out what thereactants and products will be. In this case: Is the conjugate acid of $\ce{NaOH}$ the sodium ion, or the water? In order for a species to have a strong conjugate base it has to be a very weak acid, like water for example. The ionization constants increase as the strengths of the acids increase. In chemical diagrams which illustrate this, the new bond formed between the base and the proton is shown by an arrow that conventionally starts on an electron pair from the base and whose arrow-head ends at the hydrogen ion (proton) that will be transferred: In this case, the water molecule is the conjugate acid of the hydroxide ion after the latter received the hydrogen ion donated by ammonium. Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/85abf193-2bda7ac8df6@9.110). For example, besides buffers being used in lab processes, human blood acts as a buffer to maintain pH. On the other hand, a conjugate base is what is left over after an acid has donated a proton during a chemical reaction. Those acids that lie between the hydronium ion and water in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\) form conjugate bases that can compete with water for possession of a proton. Also, as per Arrheniuss base theory, a compound is said to be base when it produces OH- ion through ionization or through dissociation in water. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. However, certain acids are capable of donating more than a single proton per molecule in acid-base reactions. Consider that acetate, the conjugate base of acetic acid, has a base dissociation constant (Kb) of approximately 5.61010, making it a weak base. arrow . Hence, a conjugate base is a species formed by the removal of a proton from an acid, as in the reverse reaction it is able to gain a hydrogen ion. Weak acids are only partially ionized because their conjugate bases are strong enough to compete successfully with water for possession of protons. Hint: neutralization reactions are a specialized type of double replacement reaction. 1. The chemical reactions and ionization constants of the three bases shown are: \[ \begin{aligned} \ce{NO2-}(aq)+\ce{H2O}(l) &\ce{HNO2}(aq)+\ce{OH-}(aq) \quad &K_\ce{b}=2.1710^{11} \\[4pt] \ce{CH3CO2-}(aq)+\ce{H2O}(l) &\ce{CH3CO2H}(aq)+\ce{OH-}(aq) &K_\ce{b}=5.610^{10} \\[4pt] \ce{NH3}(aq)+\ce{H2O}(l) &\ce{NH4+}(aq)+\ce{OH-}(aq) &K_\ce{b}=1.810^{5} \end{aligned}\]. Example: Sodium hydroxide(NaOH), Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH). Therefore when an acid or a base is "neutralized" a salt is formed. The first six acids in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\) are the most common strong acids. ncdu: What's going on with this second size column? One use of conjugate acids and bases lies in buffering systems, which include a buffer solution. They are not so good electrolytes compared to a strong base. As we did with acids, we can measure the relative strengths of bases by measuring their base-ionization constant (Kb) in aqueous solutions. . 1) The equivalence point of an acid-base reaction (the point at which the amounts of acid and of base are just sufficient to cause complete neutralization). It is white in color and appears as a granular solid. Calcium hydroxide is also used to clean the sulfur dioxide, which is caused by the exhaust, that is found in power plants and factories. The last bit - where water plays 2 roles - is due to water being amphoteric, or able to act as an acid or a base. . The lining of the esophagus is not protected from the corrosive effects of stomach acid the way the lining of the stomach is, and the results can be very painful. Thus there is relatively little A and \(\ce{H3O+}\) in solution, and the acid, HA, is weak. Many people like to put lemon juice or vinegar, both of which are acids, on cooked fish (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Acids or bases with weak bonds easily dissociate into ions and are called "strong" acids or bases. To find the pH for a weak acid or base, you must use the K equation and a RICE table to determine the pH. It is formed by mixing CaO (quicklime, or calcium oxide) with H2O (water). We can determine the relative acid strengths of \(\ce{NH4+}\) and HCN by comparing their ionization constants. Raise the pH by several units 3. Compounds that are weaker acids than water (those found below water in the column of acids) in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\) exhibit no observable acidic behavior when dissolved in water. The same goes for strong bases, except the negative logarithm gives you the pOH as opposed to the pH. close. Oxtboy, Gillis, Campion, David W., H.P., Alan. It is often absorbed ontofilter paperto produce one of the oldest forms ofpH indicator, used to test materials foracidity.. For acids the expression will be, where HA is the concentration of the acid at equilibrium, and A- is the concentration of its conjugate base at equilibrium and for bases the expression will be, \[K_b = \dfrac{[\ce{OH^{-}}][\ce{HB^{+}}]}{\ce{B}}\], where B is the concentration of the base at equilibrium and HB+ is the concentration of its conjugate acid at equilibrium. Weak base:A compound is a weak base when it partially or not completely dissociates in an aqueous solution. You are told that all the base dissolves, which means that the solution contains twice as many moles of hydroxide anions, OH, as moles of calcium hydroxide used to make the solution. rev2023.3.3.43278. Whats the grammar of "For those whose stories they are"? The brine solution favors the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppresses the growth of harmful bacteria. Exceed the buffer capacity 4. Polyprotic acids undergo more than one ionization equilibrium and therefore have more than one Ka value. By definition, a strong acid yields 100% of H 3O + and A when the acid ionizes in water. Ca (OH)2 + 2HCl => CaCl2 + 2 H2O. "Acid-Base Equilibria." In Dungeon World, is the Bard's Arcane Art subject to the same failure outcomes as other spells? The burning sensation associated with heartburn is a result of the acid of the stomach leaking through the muscular valve at the top of the stomach into the lower reaches of the esophagus. It is used to clarify raw juice from sugarcane in the sugar industry. with \(K_{\ce a1} > 10^2;\: {complete\: dissociation}\). Consider the following acidbase reaction: Nitric acid (HNO3) is an acid because it donates a proton to the water molecule and its conjugate base is nitrate (NO3). If we add a small amount of an acid, H+, to a buffer solution, the conjugate base that's present, A-, neutralizes the added acid. The percent dissociation of an acid or base is mathematically indicated by the acid ionization constant (Ka) or the base ionization constant (Kb)1. All acids have a conjugate base that forms when they react with water, and similarly, all bases have a conjugate acid that reacts when they form with water. For weak acids and bases, the higher the Ka or Kb, the more acidic or basic the solution. A strong base yields 100% (or very nearly so) of OH and HB+ when it reacts with water; Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) lists several strong bases. Soluble ionic hydroxides such as NaOH are considered strong bases because they dissociate completely when dissolved in water. A strong acid and a strong base, such as HCl(. One example is the use of baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate in baking. Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? They are less reactive compare to a strong base. Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca() 2.It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed with water.It has many names including hydrated lime, caustic lime, builders' lime, slaked lime, cal, and pickling lime.Calcium hydroxide is used in many applications, including food . When we have heartburn, it feels better if we reduce the excess acid in the esophagus by taking an antacid. The extent to which a base forms hydroxide ion in aqueous solution depends on the strength of the base relative to that of the hydroxide ion, as shown in the last column in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\). It ionizes and forms hydronium ions and carbonate ions in even smaller quantities. Example: Sodium hydroxide(NaOH), Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2), Lithium hydroxide (LiOH), Potassium hydroxide (KOH), etc. When the conjugate acid and the conjugate base are of unequal strengths, the solution can be either acidic or basic, depending on the relative strengths of the two conjugates. Is sulfide ion a stronger base than hydroxide ion? The equilibrium constant for an acid is called the acid-ionization constant, Ka. First week only $4.99! A solution of a weak acid reacts with a solution of a strong base to form the conjugate base of the weak acid and the conjugate acid of the strong base. The conjugate bases of these acids are weaker bases than water. where the concentrations are those at equilibrium. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications. When Ca(OH)2 dissolved in water, it split into two ions Ca2+ and 2OH. Equation for Calcium Hydroxide Dissolving in Water | Ca (OH)2 + H2O Wayne Breslyn 634K subscribers 186K views 4 years ago In this video we will describe the equation Ca (OH)2 + H2O and write what. To write the ionic equation we must separate all aqueous species into their ions and leave any solid, liquid or gaseous substance in its molecular form. Home > Chemistry > Is Ca(OH)2 an acid or base? The Ka value for acetic acid is 1.76*10-5, and the Ka value for benzoic acid is 6.46*10-5, if two solutions are made, one from each acid, with equal concentrations, which one will have the lower pH? Acid strength decreases and conjugate base strength increases down the table. Learn about the reactivity of metals from this short video, helpful summary and practice questions! https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conjugate_(acid-base_theory)&oldid=1140648854, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 02:22. NaHCO3 is a base. Acids or bases with strong bonds exist predominately as molecules in solutions and are called "weak" acids or bases. The relative strength of an acid or base depends on how high its Ka or Kb value is, in this case, the Ka value is far lower than the Kb value so the ammonia is more strongly basic than ammonium is acidic. A base is defined as a proton acceptor or lone pair donor. . A weak acid plus a weak base can yield either an acidic, basic, or neutral solution. Example- Ammonia (NH3), Methylamine (CH3NH2), NH4OH,etc. We can classify acids by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. All soluble hydroxides like lithium, cesium, sodium, potassium, etc. Ca(OH)2 is the strong base. A cation can be a conjugate acid, and an anion can be a conjugate base, depending on which substance is involved and which acidbase theory is the viewpoint. Because it completely dissociates in an aqueous solution to yield OH ion and no moles of it remain undissociated inside the solution. The product of these two constants is indeed equal to Kw: \[K_\ce{a}K_\ce{b}=(1.810^{5})(5.610^{10})=1.010^{14}=K_\ce{w}\]. The acidbase reaction can be viewed in a before and after sense. and c of calcium hydroxide: 0.0843 mol/L. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. O CO32- O HCO32- O H2CO3 The Pharmaceutics and Compounding Laboratory - Buffers and Buffer Capacity. He holds a degree in B.Tech (Chemical Engineering) and has four years of experience as a chemistry tutor. Also, OH can be considered as the conjugate base of H2O, since the water molecule donates a proton to give NH+4 in the reverse reaction. The vegetable, such as a cucumber, is placed in a sealed jar submerged in a brine solution. The water molecule acts as a base because it receives the hydrogen cation (proton) and its conjugate acid is the hydronium ion (H3O+). The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Depending on the acids and bases the salt that is formed can be neutral, acidic, or basic. The conjugate acid of the strong base is a weaker acid than water and has no effect on the acidity of the resulting solution. After HCl donates a proton, a Cl - ion is produced, and so Cl - is the conjugate base. The most important buffer in our bloodstream is the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer, which prevents drastic pH changes when CO2 is introduced. The single arrow used in the above reaction shows that only forward reaction takes place at equilibrium and no backward reaction occurs in solution. If a conjugate acid is strong, its dissociation will have a higher equilibrium constant and the products of the reaction will be favored. Let us illustrate this system using the neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. However, the conjugate base of the weak acid is a weak base and ionizes slightly in water. This is the question: A 2.50 g tablet of calcium hydroxide is dissolved in 400.0 mL of water. If the acid or base conducts electricity weakly, it is a weak acid or base. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. How to tell which packages are held back due to phased updates. We aim to make complex subjects, like chemistry, approachable and enjoyable for everyone. sparingly soluble salts is the conjugate base of a weak acid determination of calcium salt solubility with changes in ph and p The acid loses a proton and the base gains a proton. It is used in the production of many plastics. Ca (OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) is a strong base (which means it cannot be an acid). Therefore the solution of benzoic acid will have a lower pH. The neutralization that occurs when aqueous solutions of acids and bases are combined results from the reaction of the hydronium and hydroxide ions to form water. As shown in the previous chapter on equilibrium, the K expression for a chemical equation derived from adding two or more other equations is the mathematical product of the other equations K expressions. The before is the reactant side of the equation, the after is the product side of the equation. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Thus strong acids are completely ionized in aqueous solution because their conjugate bases are weaker bases than water. Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/85abf193-2bda7ac8df6@9.110). So let's summarize how buffer solutions work. If it has a bunch of hydroxide ions, it's a base. The conjugate acid of \(\ce{NO2-}\) is HNO2; Ka for HNO2 can be calculated using the relationship: \[K_\ce{a}K_\ce{b}=1.010^{14}=K_\ce{w} \], \[K_\ce{a}=\dfrac{K_\ce{w}}{K_\ce{b}}=\dfrac{1.010^{14}}{2.1710^{11}}=4.610^{4} \], This answer can be verified by finding the Ka for HNO2 in Table E1. The differences in the ionization constants of each polyprotic acidtell us that in each successive step the degree of ionization is significantly weaker. It is also used in the treatment of sewage water as a clarifying agent. Some acids and bases ionize rapidly and almost completely in solution; these are called strong acids and strong bases. If a specific substance has many hydrogen ions, it is an acid. Even though it contains four hydrogen atoms, acetic acid, \(\ce{CH3CO2H}\), is also monoprotic because only the hydrogen atom from the carboxyl group (\(\ce{-COOH}\)) reacts with bases: Similarly, monoprotic bases are bases that will accept a single proton. 6.4: Acid-Base Strength is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. As Ca(OH)2 dissociates into Ca2+ and 2OH-, this OHion accepts the proton (H+) to form water. The pH of Calcium Hydroxide is around 12. where the concentrations are those at equilibrium. Since HCl is a strong acid and Mg(OH)2is a strong base, the resulting solution would be neutral. For the reaction of an acid \(\ce{HA}\): we write the equation for the ionization constant as: \[K_\ce{a}=\ce{\dfrac{[H3O+][A- ]}{[HA]}}\]. When it reacts with an acid such as lemon juice, buttermilk, or sour cream in a batter, bubbles of carbon dioxide gas are formed from decomposition of the resulting carbonic acid, and the batter rises. Baking powder is a combination of sodium bicarbonate, and one or more acid salts that react when the two chemicals come in contact with water in the batter. Three varieties of Tums have calcium carbonate as the only active ingredient: Regular Tums tablets have 500 mg; Tums E-X, 750 mg; and Tums ULTRA, 1000 mg. - Barium hydroxide, Is NH4OH an acid or base? Successive ionization constants often differ by a factor of about 105 to 106. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Although, strong acids are more directly dangerous at lower concentrations a strong acid is not necessarily more dangerous than a weak one. Calculate the percent ionization of a 0.10 M solution of acetic acid with a pH of 2.89. In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. If acetic acid, a weak acid with the formula CH3COOH, was made into a buffer solution, it would need to be combined with its conjugate base CH3COO in the form of a salt. A higher Ka value means a higher ratio of reactants to products, and so the acid with the higher Ka value will be producing more hydronium, and therefore have a lower pH. The word neutralization seems to imply that a stoichiometrically equivalent solution of an acid and a base would be neutral. This is often sloppily used by organic chemists, and can lead to confusion, especially with amines. Similarly, base strength decreases and conjugate acid strength increases down the table. And if we add a small amount of a base, the weak acid that's present will neutralize the hydroxide anions. What is the conjugate acid of the carbonate ion? Acids and bases behave differently in solution based on their strength. \[\ce{HCO3-}(aq)+\ce{H2O}(l)\ce{H3O+}(aq)+\ce{CO3^2-}(aq)\], \[ K_{\ce{HCO3-}}=\ce{\dfrac{[H3O+][CO3^2- ]}{[HCO3- ]}}=4.710^{11}\]. Addition of 0.071 moles of calcium hydroxide will: (Assume that the volume does not change upon the addition of calcium hydroxide.) However, wouldn't that mean that the conjugate acid of any base of the form. Legal. Nitric acid has the chemical formula HNO3, and Calcium Hydroxide has the chemical formula Ca (OH)2. For example, the acid ionization constant of acetic acid (CH3COOH) is 1.8 105, and the base ionization constant of its conjugate base, acetate ion (\(\ce{CH3COO-}\)), is 5.6 1010. The last bit - where water plays 2 roles - is due to water being amphoteric, or able to act as an acid or a base. Therefore, in this system, most H+ will be in the form of a hydronium ion H3O+ instead of attached to a Cl anion and the conjugate base will be weaker than a water molecule. However, the conjugate base of the weak acid is a weak base and ionizes slightly in water. The terms "strong" and "weak" give an indication of the strength of an acid or base. A weak acid and a strong base yield a weakly basic solution. are alkali metals. We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. The lactic acid eventually increases the acidity of the brine to a level that kills any harmful bacteria, which require a basic environment. When placed in water, virtually every HCl molecule splits into a H+ ion and a Cl- ion in the reaction.1, \[\ce{HCl(aq) + H2O(l) <=> H3O^{+}(aq) + Cl^{-}(aq)} \nonumber\], For a strong acid like HCl, if you place 1 mole of HCl in a liter of water, you will get roughly 1 mole of H30+ ions and 1 mole of Cl- ions. There is a similar list of strong bases, ones that completely ionize into hydroxide ions and a conjugate acid. Yes, the conjugate base of the first reaction can also react with another water molecule, eg: H2SO4 + H2O -> HSO4- + H3O+ HSO4- + H2O -> SO4 2- + H3O+ H2SO4 and HSO4- are conjugate acid-base pairs, and HSO4- and SO4 2- are also conjugate acid-base pairs ( 7 votes) Darmon 6 years ago Raise the pH . Ringer's lactate solution is an example where the conjugate base of an organic acid, lactic acid, CH3CH(OH)CO2 is combined with sodium, calcium and potassium cations and chloride anions in distilled water[4] which together form a fluid which is isotonic in relation to human blood and is used for fluid resuscitation after blood loss due to trauma, surgery, or a burn injury.[5]. This stepwise ionization process occurs for all polyprotic acids, as illustrated in Table\(\PageIndex{1}\). Similarly, the higher the Kb, the stronger the substance is as a base, and the more weakly acidic its conjugate acid is.1, For an acid that reacts with water in the reaction, \[HA_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)} \rightleftharpoons H_3O^+_{(aq)} + A^-_{(aq)}\]. In this case, the water molecule is the conjugate acid of the hydroxide ion after the latter received the hydrogen ion donated by ammonium. Acid 1 is HCl, its conjugate base is base 1; hydroxide ion is base 2, and its . Copyright 2023 - topblogtenz.com. Both hydronium ions and nonionized acid molecules are present in equilibrium in a solution of one of these acids. Table \(\PageIndex{1}\). Make sure that all of the compound formulas are correctly written based on the oxidation state of the elements involved. It could contain either an excess of hydronium ions or an excess of hydroxide ions because the nature of the salt formed determines whether the solution is acidic, neutral, or basic. Strong or Weak - Nitrous acid, Is HCOOH an acid or base or both? Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca ( OH) 2. The ionization constant of HCN is given in Table E1 as 4.9 1010. If a conjugate base is classified as strong, it will "hold on" to the hydrogen proton when in solution and its acid will not dissociate. A 1 liter solution contains 0.285 M hydrocyanic acid and 0.380 M potassium cyanide. However, Ca (OH) 2 has a colourless appearance in its crystalline form. The simplest anion which can be a conjugate base is the solvated electron whose conjugate acid is the atomic hydrogen. Textbook content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. The conjugate acid in the after side of an equation gains a hydrogen ion, so in the before side of the equation the compound that has one less hydrogen ion of the conjugate acid is the base. How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. Acid and Base Strength is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. The higher the Ka, the stronger the acid is, and the weaker its conjugate base is. All acids have a conjugate base that forms when they react with water, and similarly, all bases have a conjugate acid that reacts when they form with water.1 You can judge the relative strength of a conjugate by the \(K_a\) or \(K_b\) value of the substance because \(K_a \times K_b\) is equal to the ionization constant of water, Kw which is equal to \(1 \times 10^{-14}\) at room temperature. Use MathJax to format equations. Or you can also assume the Ca2+ as a spectator ion because it is almost useless in solution, it has no effect on the pH value of the solution. Acids and Bases. pH is calculated by taking the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydronium ions. Acid or base "strength" is a measure of how readily the molecule ionizes in water. The conjugate acid of NO 2 is HNO 2; Ka for HNO 2 can be calculated using the relationship: Ka Kb = 1.0 10 14 = Kw Solving for Ka, we get: Ka = Kw Kb = 1.0 10 14 2.17 10 11 = 4.6 10 4 This answer can be verified by finding the Ka for HNO 2 in Table E1 Exercise 6.4.2 Writing water as a reactant in acid/base dissociation (Brnsted Lowry)? Calcium hydroxide in an aqueous solution can provide two hydroxide ions per molecule. Strong acids have mostly ions in solution, therefore the bonds holding H and A together must be weak. 2012-09 . In most cases, polyprotic acids lose their protons one at a time, withKa1>>Ka2>>Ka3etc. The extent to which an acid, HA, donates protons to water molecules depends on the strength of the conjugate base, A, of the acid. Why can water act as a base under acidic conditions in organic chemistry mechanisms? In this reaction, HCl is a (n) acid Sulfuric acid is the leading chemical produced and used industrially. The beneficial bacteria feed on starches in the cucumber and produce lactic acid as a waste product in a process called fermentation. MathJax reference. Water is the acid that reacts with the base, \(\ce{HB^{+}}\) is the conjugate acid of the base \(\ce{B}\), and the hydroxide ion is the conjugate base of water. An acid that ionizes very slightly in dilute aqueous solution is classified as a weak acid. For example, if formic acid is combined with sodium hydroxide, it generates . The following four situations illustrate how solutions with various pH values can arise following a neutralization reaction using stoichiometrically equivalent quantities: This is thegeneral format for a neutralization reaction: It is important to note that neutralization reactions are just a specific type of double displacement redoxreaction . The acid and base in a given row are conjugate to each other. Let's connect through LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vishal-goyal-2926a122b/, Your email address will not be published. Calcium hydroxide is white in color appears as a granular solid that has no odor with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. This is the most complex of the four types of reactions. Multiplying the mass-action expressions together and cancelling common terms, we see that: \[K_\ce{a}K_\ce{b}=\ce{\dfrac{[H3O+][A- ]}{[HA]}\dfrac{[HA][OH- ]}{[A- ]}}=\ce{[H3O+][OH- ]}=K_\ce{w}\]. Textbook content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. For strong acids, you can calculate the pH by simply taking the negative logarithm of its molarity as it completely dissociates into its conjugate base and hydronium. Basically, I'm really confused, and could use a little help sorting all this out. Example \(\PageIndex{2}\): The Product Ka Kb = Kw. A strong base, such as one of those lying below hydroxide ion, accepts protons from water to yield 100% of the conjugate acid and hydroxide ion.

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